2020年翻译资格考试二级（中级）笔译实务练习题及参考答案（2）
2020-03-20 16:20:45   来源：环球教育在线   评论：0 点击：

　　Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed.

　　It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”

　　Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.

　　He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).

　　In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.

　　Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass — drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools.

　　After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.

　　1957年3月，当珍妮·古道尔(Jane Goodall)在伦敦码头候船时，她发现护照不见了。再有几个小时，她就要出发第一次前往非洲。古道尔有个已经迁往非洲内罗毕郊外农场生活的校友，知道古道尔从小的愿望就是要到非洲与野生动物朝夕相伴，遂邀请古道尔到内罗毕自己家小住一阵。那年，古道尔22岁，为了攒够肯尼亚之行的旅费，过去两年，她在英国南部海滨城市伯恩茅斯(Bournemouth)老家做过服务生、文秘和邮局临时工。现在，她的一切努力似乎都要白费了。

　　幸亏有人捡到她的护照，连同护照夹着折好了的由库克(Cook)旅行社出具的行程单，一并送回到了库克旅行社。一名库克旅行社代表拿着这些证件材料，在码头找到了古道尔。这才有了古道尔后来的自然保护工作和科学研究，并改变了我们对人类自身这个物种的认识。如果没人捡到，很难想象古道尔的人生轨迹会是哪般，“失而复得，真难以置信，”古道尔上个月告诉我时说，“这太神奇了。”

　　内罗毕当年还是一座小镇。在古道尔到达后不到两个月，她见到了时任自然历史博物馆馆长的人类学家路易士•李基(Louis Leakey)，李基请她到馆里工作。在随后的三年里，李基花了许多时间，检验古道尔开展重复性工作的能力。

　　李基相信查尔斯•达尔文最先提出的假设：即人类与黑猩猩都由同一个祖先进化而来。李基认为，在野外对黑猩猩进行详细研究，或许会有一些关于这个共同祖先的发现。换句话说，他正在寻找一位可以与黑猩猩一起生活的人。一天晚上，李基告诉古道尔，他知道一个刚好可以研究黑猩猩的地方：位于英国殖民地坦噶尼喀(今坦桑尼亚)的贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区(Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve)。

　　1960年7月，古道尔登上了一艘小船，在温暖的坦噶尼喀深湖上航行数小时后，在贡贝的一个鹅卵石沙滩登陆。

　　古道尔的研究发现刊登在1964年的《自然》期刊上。古道尔发现，黑猩猩会使用工具，即利用草叶从白蚁丘里勾到白蚁吃。这项发现彻底改变了人类一直以来对自身的认识。人类从此不再是自然界唯一一个可以使用工具的动物。

　　古道尔用了25年时间去实现儿时的梦想，后来她突然放弃科研，从事自然保护工作。