2020年上半年学位英语考试练习及答案解析（四）
2020-06-12 22:14:14   来源：环球教育在线   评论：0 点击：

　　What is exactly a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say: I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money, but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

　　A scientific study of lying shows women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie" such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researches show that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

　　Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying I wish I were somewhere else now.

　　31. This passage tells us that _____.

　　A. telling lies is often necessary in order to avoid being defeated

　　B. telling lies is often bad because people ought not to be dishonest

　　C. telling lies is sometimes necessary in order not to hurt someone else's feelings

　　D. telling lies is not bad at all in most cases

　　[答案] C

　　【解析】第一段作者举的例子，可以得出C“有时为了不伤害其他人的感情说谎是必须的”正确。其它选项的信息在文中没有明确出现。

　　32. In Paragraph 2, the sentence "Women are better liars than men do." probably means _____.

　　A. women are better at telling lies than men

　　B. women liars are better accepted than men

　　C. women have a better intention when telling lies

　　D. women tell fewer lies than men do

　　[答案] C

　　【解析】从第二段作者举例可知女人更爱说"white lie"，即善意的谎言，而男人更有可能说一些严重的谎话。所以C选项“女人说谎时有较好的意图”符合原文。A选项说的太笼统，女人仅在说"white lie"时比男人擅长，而说"serious lie"则不及男人;B、D选项所给信息并未在文中出现。

　　33. A "white lie" means _____.

　　A. a lie that is completely unbelievable

　　B. a lie that is told with a good will

　　C. a lie that is always believable

　　D. a lie that often has an evil purpose

　　[答案] B

　　【解析】"white lie"的意思是善意的谎言，从文中第二段女人说谎所举的例子也可以推断出B选项“带有善意所说的谎”为正确答案。

　　34. Politicians and businessmen are supposed to be skilled at telling the kind of lies _____.

　　A. from which they may gain some advantages

　　B. that seems to be believable

　　C. that women are most likely to believe

　　D. with which they can have better relationship with others

　　[答案] A

　　【解析】第二段最后一句“政治家和商人尤其擅长说这种谎话，即可从这些谎言中赚钱或获利。”而A选项“他们或许可以从中赢得一些好处”与之相一致。

　　35. It can be concluded from the passage that _____.

　　A. there is a simple way of finding out if someone is lying

　　B. from some ways people behave we can know they are lying

　　C. certain emotions are proof of lying

　　D. in some situations women are most likely to think businessmen are dishonest

　　[答案] B

　　【解析】第三段第一句“对人们行为举止的研究表明：当人们说谎时，会以大量不起眼的、表面上不重要的方式改变自己的举止”为主题句，文章所得出的结论为B选项“从人们的一些行为举止，我们能够知道他们在说谎”，与主题句相一致。

　　How can we get rid of garbage? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?

　　These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage.

　　For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped(倾倒it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil(化石fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.

　　Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half mil- lion barrels of oil.

　　Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of gar-bage piling up on the earth.

　　36.What two problems can man solve by burning garbage?

　　A.The shortage of energy and air pollution.

　　B.The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbage.

　　C.Air pollution and the shortage of fossil fuel.

　　D.Air pollution and the shortage of land to hold garbage.

　　答案：B

　　37.Which of the following is not the result of burning garbage?

　　A.The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels.

　　B.The heat produced is used to boil water.

　　C.The steam produced is used to make electricity.

　　D.The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

　　答案：A

　　38.According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?

　　A.About 2 million metric tons of garbage is burned in some power plants in Pads, France each year.

　　B.In a modem society, more and more garbage is produced each year.

　　C.Using garbage is a good way to solve the problem of energy shortage.

　　D.It will be too expensive to use garbage as an energy source.

　　答案：D

　　39.What is the author's attitude?

　　A.Delighted.

　　B.Sad.

　　C.Agreeing.

　　D.Disagreeing.

　　答案：C

　　40.The best title for the passage may be

　　A.Garbage and the Earth

　　B.Fossil Fuel and Garbage

　　C.Land and Garbage

　　D.Garbage--Energy Source

　　答案：D