北外英语翻译资格证书考试2001年试题
2019-10-09 21:04:41   来源：环球教育在线   评论：0 点击：

　　考试时间：180分钟

　　Part 1

　　Translation from English into Chinese 1 hour 30 minutes

　　Read the following two passages.

　　Translate them into Chinese.

　　Write you answers on this paper.

　　You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.

　　Passage 1

　　Head injuries

　　Alice was a B-plus student through her first three years at college. During the winter holidays in her senior year, while she was driving during a storm, her car ran off the road and hit a tree. Alice banged her head on the steering wheel but never lost consciousness. She was treated for bruises and discharged from the hospital within a day.

　　But, back at her studies, she began to have difficulties. Suddenly her As and Bs were becoming Cs. She had trouble remembering what she'd read and was irritable and easily distracted.

　　Alice was referred to a neuropsychologist for further examination. Although her IQ hadn't changed and standard neurological tests were normal, detailed neuropsychological tests showed she was having memory problems. She could still process new information, but it took longer than before and she became "overloaded" if she tried to do too much at once.

　　Head injuries are often fatal, or of sufficient severity to require the hospitalization of victims. But there is a large group of people who sustain head injuries which can go undetected through ordinary medical examination. These are the people who seemingly recover from their injuries but still suffer subtle intellectual and behavioural effects that may seriously impair their ability to work and interact normally with other people. They are the victims of what experts call a "silent epidemic". Some never lost consciousness and others never even suffered a direct blow to the head, yet brain damage occurred.

　　Passage 2

　　My fight against junk e-mail

　　Filtering junk e-mail can be a tricky game of cat and mouse, as I learned when I set out to purge my In Box.

　　I received an e-mail the other day that gave me a moment's pause. "Hey cutie, how are you??" It began. "I'm so sorry about last night, click here for a SUPRIXE to make you feel better." I was suspicious for three reasons: my girlfriend never misspells like that, we had not had a row the previous night, and I was pretty sure she had not suddenly acquired an Australian e-mail address. At least one part of the message was accurate: if she ever pointed me to a website as sexy as that one, I'd be very surprised indeed.

　　The cutie incident represented a setback in my war against junk e-mail. I used to get hundreds of these things a day, and some months ago, I vowed to rid my In Box permanently of every last one. What I soon learned was that most e-mail software can't eradicate the junk without throwing babies with the bath water.

　　Microsoft outlook, for example, can trash any mail not sent directly to your address. But that ends up junking a lot of useful stuff such as discussions on my journalism, school alumni e-mail list. AOL can turn away mail from anyone not flagged as a friend, but part of my job is to accept correspondence from strangers-like you, dear reader.

　　Part 2

　　Translation from Chinese into English 1 hour 30 minutes

　　Read the following two passages.

　　Translate them into Chinese.

　　Write you answers on this paper.

　　You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.

　　Passage 1

　　我为乘客服务

　　有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客："您下车吗？"女乘客没理他。"你下车吗？"他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。"下车吗？"他耐不住了，放大声问。那女乘客依然没反应。"你是聋子，还是哑巴？"他急了，捅了一下那位女乘客。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。

　　见此情景，我猛然想起在60路沿线上有家福利工厂，女乘客可能就是个聋哑人，听不见声音。我赶忙向男乘客作了解释，又用纸条写了一句话，举到女乘客的眼前："对不起！他要下车。他问您好几声，您是不是没听见？"女乘客点了点头，把道让开了。

　　从此以后，我就特别注意聋哑人的特征，还从他们那里学会了一些常见的手语。这样，不仅我能更好地为他们服务，与他们进行感情交流，也减少了一些他们与其他乘客的误会和纠纷。

　　Passage 2

　　知识创新

　　中国是发展中国家，在掌握、应用科学技术和现代知识方面虽有很大进步，但是与发达国家相比，还是有明显的差距。为此，中国确定了"科教兴国"的战略，正在加快科技进步和知识更新的步伐，以便尽快缩小与发达国家的差距。知识的生命力在于创新，只有不断地创造出新的知识和技术，才能触发新的产业革命，才能推动经济社会的快速发展。在新的世纪里，人才、文化、教育、经济和社会管理等因素在经济和社会发展中的作用日趋重要。只有在理论、科技方面不断进行改革创新，不断有新的创造和突破，才能为经济和社会发展注入新的生机和活力，才能有效地挖掘、组合、利用人力资源和自然资源，从而创造较多的物质财富和精神财富，造福于人类社会。

　　（二） 初级口译

　　考试时间：30分钟

　　第一部分：对话

　　[//表示停顿]

　　David: What's on today, Xiao Wang?//

　　Xiao Wang: 今天我们去长城，并在那里午餐，下午回来的路上还要去看看十三陵。// 你一定听说过长城，来到北京，长城是一定要去的。// 十三陵是明朝13个皇帝和皇后的坟墓，是15世纪建造的，虽然没有长城有名，但也很值得一看。//

　　David: I've read about the renowned Chinese wall. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, I believe. It is said to be the only man-made project on earth which is visible from a satellite. //

　　Xiao Wang: 我们中国人叫它"万里长城"，实际上全长6000多公里，最初建于近2500年前的战国时期。// 当时中国还不是一个统一的国家，而是分为7国。北方的几个国家修建城墙用来防御来自北方的侵犯。// 公元前221年秦始皇统一中国后将各段长城连接起来并加以延长。据历史记载大约有100万人参加过这一长达十多年的工程。

　　David: Was the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty the one in whose tomb were discovered the terra-cotta warriors? //

　　Xiao Wang: 是的。除了修建长城以外，他也作过不少事情。虽然他的王朝是短命的，但他对中国历史的影响却是巨大的。

　　David: Imagine it was more than 2,000 years ago when there was no machinery and everything had to be done by bare hands. // Yet they managed to build a wall like this and the terra-cotta warriors, which, as many people say, have become the eighth wonder of the world. //

　　Xiao Wang: 今天我们去的那段长城叫八达岭，这是保卫北京的一个战略要地，离北京约75公里。现在有了高速公路，不到两个小时就到了。// 关于长城你若有什么问题的话，不论是在路上还是到了那里随时都可以问我。//

　　David: Thank you for your briefing. I'm sure our visit to the Great Wall will give me a better understanding of Chinese history and the wisdom of the Chinese people.//

　　第二部分：英译中

　　Now I'd like to move on to three possible policies, which could be developed to stem this kind of uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries.//

　　The first one would be to promote a more equal land distribution. In this way, farmers would be more motivated to stay on the land. They would be able to work more land, and thus be able to feed their families more adequately. //

　　The second policy would be to improve the supply of social services in the rural areas, particularly in the field of health and education.// country people often move to the city because they feel that these services are better in the city areas, and if they could compare the services and feel that there was perhaps not much difference between the two, it would be another reason for not moving.//

　　A third possible policy would be to give financial assistance to agriculture, especially to the small landowners.// Now obviously the problem of uncontrolled urbanization and the consequences, which are not favorable, is a difficult problem to which there is no easy solution, but these three types of policies could help to reduce the problem, which is felt in particular in developing countries.//

　　第三部分：中译英

　　布朗先生，

　　女士们、先生们：//

　　现在我愿意为我们的贵宾，美国强生进出口公司经理布朗先生祝酒。//

　　孔夫子说过，"有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。"这次布朗先生从大洋彼岸不远千里光临我们公司，我非常高兴。// 在过去几年里我们两家公司已经建立了卓有成效的合作关系。我相信通过布朗先生的这次访问，我们的合作还会加强。//

　　现在中国刚刚入世，必将进一步对外开放。这给我们两家公司都带来了极了的机会。因此，我深信在未来的岁月里我们双方都会取得极大的成功。//

　　最后，我建议：

　　为我们双方的合作干杯，

　　为布朗先生的健康，为在座的先生女士们的健康，

　　干杯！//

　　（三） 中级笔译

　　考试时间：240分钟

　　Part 1

　　Translation from English into Chinese 2 hours

　　Read the following two passages.

　　Translate them into Chinese.

　　Write you answers on this paper.

　　You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.

　　Passage 1

　　Artificial speech

　　Because speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. The primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. You will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in.

　　Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks.

　　Changes like this will encompass the whole world. Because English is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.

　　Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 years off. We're not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.

　　There are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. But it's true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we're developing now.

　　Small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. Lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. Most economies have both types of markets. But the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies.

　　Developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. Underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. So, compared with farmers in Canada, poor farmers in Bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities.

　　What limits market opportunities? The transaction costs stemming from inadequate information and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights. And barriers to entry for new participants. What increases them? Institutions that raise the returns from market exchange, reduce risk, and increase efficiency.

　　Yet not all institutions promote inclusive markets. Institutional designs that evolve through historical circumstances or are directed by policy makers are not necessarily the best for all of society or for economic growth and poverty reduction. For instance, state agricultural marketing boards, instead of helping farmers, have often resulted in lower incomes for them in Africa. And institutions that once supported market transactions can outlive their usefulness, for example, privatization agencies and bank restructuring agencies. The challenge for policymakers is to shape institutional development in ways that enhance economic development.

　　Part 2

　　Translation from Chinese into English 2 hours

　　Read the following two passages.

　　Translate them into Chinese.

　　Write you answers on this paper.

　　You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.

　　Passage 1

　　保姆校长

　　常常听到一些大学校长说："我把学生当自己的儿女看待。"他也真做得像个严父慈母：规定学生睡眠要足8小时，清晨6点必须起床做操，不许穿拖鞋在校内行走，等等。

　　我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆。教育者或许会说："这些学生如果进大学以前，就已经学好自治自律的话，我就不必如此喂之哺之；就是因为基础教育没教好，所以我办大学的人不得不教。"

　　听起来有理，可是学生之所以在小学、中学12年间没有学会自治自律，就是因为他们一直接受喂哺式的辅导，大学再来继续进行"育婴"，这岂不是一个没完没了的恶性循环？我们对大学教育的期许是什么？教出一个言听计从、循规蹈矩的学生，还是教出一个自己会看情况、做决定的学生？

　　Passage 2

　　发展问题

　　发展问题一直是世界各国普遍关注的问题。大部分发展中国家取得独立后，在发展民族经济、改变贫穷落后面貌、缩小同发达国家的经济差距等方面，取得了巨大成绩。一些国家实现了经济"起飞"，甚至创造了"奇迹"。经济增长是社会发展的基础，但有增长不一定有发展。为了避免"有增长、无发展"的现象，世界各国都把可持续发展作为国家宏观经济发展战略的一种重要选择，并深刻认识到，人类需要一个持续发展的途径。这是人类发展观的重大转折，具有深远的历史意义。

　　然而，在保持生态环境问题上，发展中国家存在的问题较为严重。特别是，一些发展中国家或没有认识到可持续发展的深刻内涵，或认识得很不深刻，采取的不得力。因此，在今后制定新的经济发展战略时，把可持续发展作为一个突出的重要内容，是大多数发展中国家面临的迫切和艰巨的任务。

　　（四） 中级口译

　　考试时间：30分钟

　　Part 1 English into Chinese

　　[//表示停顿]

　　International Cooperation Against Transnational Organized Crime

　　Organized crime groups pose challenges as never before to societies everywhere. Whether involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, people smuggling or outright terrorism they operate in a sophisticated way without regard to national frontiers. The profits of crime are vast. The International Monetary Fund has stated that he aggregate size of money laundering in the world could be somewhere between two and five per cent of the world's gross domestic product.

　　Putting a dollar figure on that, it is estimated that money laundering activity could now involve as much as 1.5 trillion US dollars a year, and it seems likely that half of that figure is attributable to the proceeds of drug trafficking.//

　　Given that profits of this scale can be made, the temptations for people at all levels to get involved are manifest, and we must clearly understand and beak down the vicious cycle that exists between money laundering)and corruption: corruption has to be well funded to, succeed in its object of corrupting public officials and others, and that is being achieved all too often by the use of illicit assets.

　　The manner in which we respond to this problem is not only a test of our concern for a safer world, but a measure of our determination to create a decent future for coning generations.//

　　In the wake of the events of 11 September 2001, a war against terrorism is being pursued on various fronts. This includes a direct assault on money laundering, which is now recognized, more so than ever before, as an insidious crime which is all pervasive. It threatens the stability of our societies. It undermines our financial institutions. It challenges our national security.

　　As a transnational crime, money laundering can only be combated through close cooperation among national authorities efforts by states acting alone to attack the economic power of criminal groups will not succeed if other states do not take complementary action. In the absence of a coordinated and effective international framework, all too often non-participating countries offer criminals safe havens for laundering funds.//

　　And as patterns of crime develop and become mere sophisticated and profitable, we in law enforcement must be adequately resourced, fully trained, and efficiently deployed We must prosecute the organized criminals, size their assets, and disrupt their operations. The fight against money laundering will be a protracted and complex process, and we must be prepaid to play a long game. Our societies expect no less of us.

　　For when we fight money laundering, we fight organized crime. When we fight money laundering, we keep drugs out playgrounds and away from our kids. We keep weapons out of the hands of terrorists. We protect small business. And we safeguard the human dignity of women and children trafficked into forced labor and prostitution. When we stop criminals from enjoying the of their illicit activity, we serve the cause of freedom and justice. For law enforcement, there is no higher calling.//

　　Part 2 Chinese into English

　　信息革命

　　当前，以信息技术为代表的高新技术发展日新月异，信息技术与信息产业正在有力地推动着经济全球化的进程，并由此产生了新的经济模式，催生了一些新的产业，加速了世界性的产业结构、产品结构的调整，对全球社会经济活动产生了难以估量的影响。

　　全球信息产业技术目前正以两位数的年增长率高速排展，互联网已经连接了159个国家和地区，近3万个电脑网络、7000多万台服务器主机和1万多个数据库，上网用户已达1.96亿。整个信息产业的产值半年来更是提高了近100万倍。//

　　自第一台电子计算机在1946年问世以来，其发展速度是所有学科中最快的。近30多年来，计算机平均性能保持每年增长50%。根据摩尔定律，集成电路中芯片的计算能力每18至24个月会增长一倍。

　　通信与信息技术进步大大加快了全球经济一体化的进程。一方面，由于各国信息网络的发展和全球互联，加快了信息的传递和交流，极大地促进了国际贸易、国际金融和跨国生产经营活动的发展。另一方面，国际经济活动的高速发展和全球经济一体趋势的形成，又进一步扩大了国际信息交流的需求，促进了信息网络的建设与发展。//

　　目前，中国的信息产业发展速度较快，迈讨合资合作的方式引进了一些先进的生产线，并通过技术创新使信息产业的整体水平得到了提高。但是，我们也应该充分地认识到，面对市场竞争，尤其是面对国际竞争，一个最突出的弱点，就是我们缺乏具有自主知识产权的技术和产品。这些年，信息产业是在低基数下获得了高速发展，但是核心信息技术和应用中的产品、技术多是境外品牌，国内需求自给率不到20%。

　　我们今后的挑战是，如何发挥中华民族优良的创意传统，促成全面适应引世纪新形势要求的民族信息产业的腾飞和蓬勃发展。//